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In 1890, John Parker finally received a patent for the soil pulverizer he had invented while still enslaved.

Specification forming part of letters patent No.442, 538, dated December 9, 1890.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, John Perciai. Parker, a citizen of the united states, and a resident of reply, in the county of brown and state of Ohio, have invented certain new and useful improvements in soil pulverizers; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, which will enable others skilled in the art to which it a pertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, which form a part of this specification.

My invention relates to improvements in apparatus for cutting up and pulverizing soil for agricultural purposes of that class known as "revolving" or "rotary" pulverizers.

Heretofore a rotary soil-pulverizer has been constructed which comprised a series of disks mounted upon a shaft or axle revolving in a suitable frame ,said disks being provided with a series of lateral projections near their peripheries, whereby the soil was crushed and pulverized. This construction of apparatus was very effective in use; but still there were disadvantages which my invention is intended to obviate.

The object of the invention is to provide a simple and economical apparatus of the above description which will effectually and rapidly crush clods, cut up cornstalks and other like objects, and pulverize the soil so as to leave it in the best possible condition for agricultural purposes.

The invention consists in the novel construction and combination of parts, herein-after fully described, and specifically pointed out in the claim....

The operation will be readily understood, as the apparatus is drawn across a field, the disks will rotate and the blades and teeth will thoroughly and effectually cut up, crush, and pulverize the soil so as to fit it for agricultural purposes.

It will be seen that the outer edge of the rim between the teeth forms a cutter as well as the outer edges of the projections, which are both cutters and crushers.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim is-

In an apparatus for crushing and pulverizing soil and cutting comstalks and other obstacles, the combination, with a frame and a revolving shaft or axle, of a series of dikes or wheels mounted upon the shaft, the outer edges of which form cutters, and the laterally-extending ogee-shaped projections having outwardly-extending blade and peripheral projections or teeth, substantially as described.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my own I have hereunto affixed my signature in presence of two witnesses.

John Percial Parker


Soil Pulverizer

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